POWER SECTOR EMISSIONS TELEMETRY · GRAMS CO2 PER KILOWATT-HOUR (gCO2/kWh)
Electricity Grid Carbon Intensity by Country (2025)
Grid carbon intensity measures grams of carbon dioxide emitted per kilowatt-hour of electricity generated (gCO2/kWh). In 2025, the global average grid carbon intensity stood at 459 gCO2/kWh across 14,550 Mt CO2 of total power-sector emissions.
I. Low-Carbon Grids (<150 gCO2/kWh) 11 Countries Hydro, nuclear & wind/solar dominated
II. Moderate-Carbon Grids (150-399 gCO2/kWh) 17 Countries Mixed gas + renewable/nuclear systems
III. Carbon-Intensive Grids (400+ gCO2/kWh) 32 Countries Coal and heavy fuel oil reliant grids
60 National Grids Ranked from Cleanest to Most Carbon-Intensive
| Clean Rank | Country | Carbon Intensity | Intensity Bar (vs 800 gCO2) | Low-Carbon Share | #1 Power Source | Total Grid Emissions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| #1 | Paraguay | 25 gCO2/kWh | | 100.0% | Hydroelectric (99%) | 1.1 Mt CO2 |
| #2 | Norway | 28 gCO2/kWh | | 99.0% | Hydroelectric (90%) | 4.5 Mt CO2 |
| #3 | Sweden | 35 gCO2/kWh | | 98.8% | Hydroelectric (40%) | 6.0 Mt CO2 |
| #4 | Switzerland | 39 gCO2/kWh | | 97.7% | Hydroelectric (52%) | 2.6 Mt CO2 |
| #5 | France | 42 gCO2/kWh | | 94.8% | Nuclear (69%) | 23.6 Mt CO2 |
| #6 | Finland | 58 gCO2/kWh | | 96.3% | Nuclear (40%) | 4.7 Mt CO2 |
| #7 | Venezuela | 86 gCO2/kWh | | 91.1% | Hydroelectric (91%) | 6.9 Mt CO2 |
| #8 | Belgium | 109 gCO2/kWh | | 79.9% | Nuclear (36%) | 7.3 Mt CO2 |
| #9 | Brazil | 110 gCO2/kWh | | 88.7% | Hydroelectric (52%) | 82.5 Mt CO2 |
| #10 | Austria | 117 gCO2/kWh | | 83.5% | Hydroelectric (52%) | 8.6 Mt CO2 |
| #11 | Portugal | 128 gCO2/kWh | | 80.9% | Hydroelectric (30%) | 6.6 Mt CO2 |
| #12 | Spain | 154 gCO2/kWh | | 74.7% | Solar (22%) | 44.2 Mt CO2 |
| #13 | Colombia | 187 gCO2/kWh | | 77.0% | Hydroelectric (69%) | 16.9 Mt CO2 |
| #14 | Canada | 191 gCO2/kWh | | 77.0% | Hydroelectric (53%) | 124.4 Mt CO2 |
| #15 | United Kingdom | 217 gCO2/kWh | | 64.4% | Natural Gas (31%) | 63.6 Mt CO2 |
| #16 | Laos | 232 gCO2/kWh | | 76.7% | Hydroelectric (76%) | 12.1 Mt CO2 |
| #17 | Peru | 238 gCO2/kWh | | 63.7% | Hydroelectric (56%) | 14.4 Mt CO2 |
| #18 | Ukraine | 251 gCO2/kWh | | 72.2% | Nuclear (56%) | 27.9 Mt CO2 |
| #19 | Netherlands | 254 gCO2/kWh | | 54.2% | Natural Gas (35%) | 34.2 Mt CO2 |
| #20 | Romania | 260 gCO2/kWh | | 67.5% | Hydroelectric (24%) | 12.9 Mt CO2 |
| #21 | Italy | 285 gCO2/kWh | | 48.7% | Natural Gas (47%) | 75.4 Mt CO2 |
| #22 | Chile | 291 gCO2/kWh | | 66.4% | Solar (25%) | 25.7 Mt CO2 |
| #23 | Pakistan | 310 gCO2/kWh | | 61.1% | Hydroelectric (23%) | 54.9 Mt CO2 |
| #24 | Belarus | 313 gCO2/kWh | | 40.7% | Natural Gas (55%) | 14.3 Mt CO2 |
| #25 | Greece | 324 gCO2/kWh | | 47.8% | Natural Gas (40%) | 18.8 Mt CO2 |
| #26 | Germany | 330 gCO2/kWh | | 59.1% | Wind (27%) | 165 Mt CO2 |
| #27 | Argentina | 343 gCO2/kWh | | 41.6% | Natural Gas (54%) | 52.5 Mt CO2 |
| #28 | United States | 384 gCO2/kWh | | 43.0% | Natural Gas (40%) | 1,737.4 Mt CO2 |
| #29 | Czech Republic | 402 gCO2/kWh | | 59.1% | Nuclear (42%) | 30.3 Mt CO2 |
| #30 | South Korea | 417 gCO2/kWh | | 40.0% | Coal (31%) | 260.6 Mt CO2 |
| #31 | Russia | 450 gCO2/kWh | | 35.7% | Natural Gas (45%) | 536.6 Mt CO2 |
| #32 | Vietnam | 463 gCO2/kWh | | 45.4% | Coal (48%) | 143.4 Mt CO2 |
| #33 | United Arab Emirates | 468 gCO2/kWh | | 31.7% | Natural Gas (68%) | 82.9 Mt CO2 |
| #34 | Mexico | 474 gCO2/kWh | | 25.9% | Natural Gas (62%) | 169.2 Mt CO2 |
| #35 | Turkey | 476 gCO2/kWh | | 43.3% | Coal (34%) | 168.3 Mt CO2 |
| #36 | Japan | 477 gCO2/kWh | | 32.7% | Natural Gas (33%) | 491.7 Mt CO2 |
| #37 | Israel | 493 gCO2/kWh | | 16.9% | Natural Gas (80%) | 40.5 Mt CO2 |
| #38 | Singapore | 497 gCO2/kWh | | 5.5% | Natural Gas (91%) | 29.9 Mt CO2 |
| #39 | Australia | 525 gCO2/kWh | | 38.7% | Coal (43%) | 150.4 Mt CO2 |
| #40 | China | 526 gCO2/kWh | | 41.6% | Coal (55%) | 5,565.9 Mt CO2 |
| #41 | Oman | 545 gCO2/kWh | | 4.5% | Natural Gas (92%) | 28.8 Mt CO2 |
| #42 | Thailand | 546 gCO2/kWh | | 16.6% | Natural Gas (66%) | 102.8 Mt CO2 |
| #43 | Egypt | 563 gCO2/kWh | | 13.0% | Natural Gas (80%) | 138.4 Mt CO2 |
| #44 | Qatar | 582 gCO2/kWh | | 4.1% | Natural Gas (96%) | 32.7 Mt CO2 |
| #45 | Poland | 591 gCO2/kWh | | 31.3% | Coal (51%) | 102 Mt CO2 |
| #46 | Philippines | 595 gCO2/kWh | | 23.3% | Coal (59%) | 73.3 Mt CO2 |
| #47 | Morocco | 602 gCO2/kWh | | 23.3% | Coal (62%) | 26.6 Mt CO2 |
| #48 | Malaysia | 603 gCO2/kWh | | 20.6% | Coal (45%) | 121.3 Mt CO2 |
| #49 | Algeria | 633 gCO2/kWh | | 1.1% | Natural Gas (99%) | 61.0 Mt CO2 |
| #50 | Taiwan | 634 gCO2/kWh | | 13.5% | Natural Gas (49%) | 183.2 Mt CO2 |
| #51 | Kuwait | 635 gCO2/kWh | | 2.3% | Natural Gas (62%) | 56.6 Mt CO2 |
| #52 | Iran | 660 gCO2/kWh | | 5.7% | Natural Gas (90%) | 261 Mt CO2 |
| #53 | India | 671 gCO2/kWh | | 26.7% | Coal (71%) | 1,395.8 Mt CO2 |
| #54 | Indonesia | 681 gCO2/kWh | | 18.1% | Coal (61%) | 253.1 Mt CO2 |
| #55 | Iraq | 683 gCO2/kWh | | 1.6% | Natural Gas (53%) | 102.3 Mt CO2 |
| #56 | Saudi Arabia | 692 gCO2/kWh | | 2.2% | Natural Gas (63%) | 314.6 Mt CO2 |
| #57 | Bangladesh | 696 gCO2/kWh | | 2.1% | Natural Gas (64%) | 72.0 Mt CO2 |
| #58 | South Africa | 699 gCO2/kWh | | 17.8% | Coal (81%) | 169.7 Mt CO2 |
| #59 | Kazakhstan | 805 gCO2/kWh | | 14.9% | Coal (54%) | 99.6 Mt CO2 |
| #60 | Uzbekistan | 1,000 gCO2/kWh | | 19.4% | Natural Gas (72%) | 86.7 Mt CO2 |